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Fitodepuración - Revision history
2024-03-28T12:46:20Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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http://wiki.calafou.org//index.php?title=Fitodepuraci%C3%B3n&diff=708&oldid=prev
Pin at 00:01, 16 March 2016
2016-03-16T00:01:42Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 00:01, 16 March 2016</td>
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http://wiki.calafou.org//index.php?title=Fitodepuraci%C3%B3n&diff=683&oldid=prev
Pin at 15:17, 14 March 2016
2016-03-14T15:17:56Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>course many varieties. R. gymnocarpa (Dwarf rose)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>course many varieties. R. gymnocarpa (Dwarf rose)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>and R. nutkana (Nootka rose) are two Washington</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>and R. nutkana (Nootka rose) are two Washington</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>natives.TREES, SHRUBS</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>natives.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">VINES</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">S </del>PECIES /C OMMON N AME</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>TREES, SHRUBS and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">VINESS </ins>PECIES /C OMMON N AME</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Deciduous trees or shrubs needing plenty of water. S.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Deciduous trees or shrubs needing plenty of water. S.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>S. scouleriana (Scouler’s willow) (Institute of Env.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>S. scouleriana (Scouler’s willow) (Institute of Env.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Research & Ed., 2003).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Research & Ed., 2003).</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Perennial fl owering plants with many varieties.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Perennial fl owering plants with many varieties.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>2449, Vashon, WA 98070-2449.)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>2449, Vashon, WA 98070-2449.)</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Appendix 6: Phytoremediation Plant List •</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Appendix 6: Phytoremediation Plant List •</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>213Khadka, U., Vonshak, A., Dudai, N., Golan-Goldhirsh, A. (2003). Response of Allium schoenoprasum to</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>213Khadka, U., Vonshak, A., Dudai, N., Golan-Goldhirsh, A. (2003). Response of Allium schoenoprasum to</div></td></tr>
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Pin
http://wiki.calafou.org//index.php?title=Fitodepuraci%C3%B3n&diff=642&oldid=prev
Pin at 06:20, 9 March 2016
2016-03-09T06:20:17Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:20, 9 March 2016</td>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''Green Chemistry for Green Treatment Technologies'''</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">producing processes and technologies is realized today with an increasing interest.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In order to provide a sustainable development, environmentally friendly sub-</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">stances, novel technologies and new green chemistry options should be exploited.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In that respect, in this chapter green chemistry and its principles are reviewed in</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">relation to green technologies for the removal of emerging compounds from water</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and wastewater.</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>4.5 Perspectives</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>4.5 Perspectives</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Phytoremediation has received considerable attention from researchers and is</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>Phytoremediation<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' </ins>has received considerable attention from researchers and is</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>widely viewed as a green technology for the remediation of polluted environments,</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>widely viewed as a green technology for the remediation of polluted environments,</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>but it is not yet exploited as a commercial platform technology. However, the</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>but it is not yet exploited as a commercial platform technology. However, the</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Glick BR (2003) Phytoremediation: synergistic use of plants and bacteria to clean up the</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">environment. Biotechnol Adv 21:383–393</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Dushenkov S, Kapulnik Y (2000) Phytofiltration of metals. In: Raskin I, Ensley BD (eds)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Phytoremediation of toxic metals. Using plants to clean up the environment. Wiley,</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">New York, pp 89–106</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Doty SL (2008) Enhancing phytoremediation through the use of transgenics and endophytes.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">New Phytol 179:318–333</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cherian S, Oliveira M (2005) Transgenic plants in phytoremediation: recent advances and new</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">possibilities. Environ Sci Technol 39:9377–9390</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">//// plants and heavy metals 2012 /(/// </ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sampling of Plant Species Studied</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sampling of Plant Species Studied</div></td></tr>
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Pin
http://wiki.calafou.org//index.php?title=Fitodepuraci%C3%B3n&diff=640&oldid=prev
Pin at 06:10, 9 March 2016
2016-03-09T06:10:51Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:10, 9 March 2016</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Appendix 6</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4.5 Perspectives</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Phytoremediation has received considerable attention from researchers and is</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">widely viewed as a green technology for the remediation of polluted environments,</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but it is not yet exploited as a commercial platform technology. However, the</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">increasing pace of genome sequencing will lead to the discovery of further metal-</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">related genes that can be tested in transgenic plants for phytoremediation</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">applications. Gene transfer techniques already allow plastid targeting and the</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">simultaneous transfer and expression of several genes. Therefore, novel infor-</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mation about plant metabolism and plant–microbe interactions will facilitate the</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">development of novel phytoremediation strategies to clean up soils polluted with</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">heavy metals.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">If the phytoremediation of polluted soils is possible using transgenic plants that</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">can accumulate metals without negative effects, then it should also be possible to</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">enhance crops with micronutrients such as Fe and Zn, particularly in areas where</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">soils are depleted or where bioavailability is limited. A better understanding of the</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">genetic factors that control the accumulation, metabolism, and tolerance of metals</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in plants will allow plants to be utilized efficiently for both phytoremediation and</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sampling of Plant Species Studied</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sampling of Plant Species Studied</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>for Phytoremediation</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>for Phytoremediation</div></td></tr>
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Pin: Created page with "Appendix 6 Sampling of Plant Species Studied for Phytoremediation The following is a sampling of plant species that have been studied for phytoremediation. Some plants on this..."
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<p>Created page with "Appendix 6 Sampling of Plant Species Studied for Phytoremediation The following is a sampling of plant species that have been studied for phytoremediation. Some plants on this..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>Appendix 6<br />
Sampling of Plant Species Studied<br />
for Phytoremediation<br />
The following is a sampling of plant species that have been studied for phytoremediation. Some plants on<br />
this list may not be well suited for growing conditions in Puget Sound. A number of plants with identifi ed<br />
phytoremediative abilities have not been included on this list because they are an invasive or potentially<br />
invasive weed in Washington state. These plants include such species as:<br />
Amorpha fruticosa (Indigo bush) Accumulates lead<br />
Azolla pinnata (Water velvet) Biosorbs metals<br />
Bacopa monnieri (Water hyssop) Accumulates metals<br />
Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrilla) Hyperaccumulates metals<br />
Myriophyllum aquaticum (Parrot feather) Transforms and degrades a variety of contaminants<br />
Phragmites australis (Common reed) Used in reed bed treatment systems (native<br />
genotypes do exist that are not considered invasive)<br />
Related native species may not react to contaminants in the same manner as those specifi ed. Different<br />
cultivars of the same species and various species of the same genus may differ in reactions and responses to<br />
climatic factors (McCutcheon, 2003).<br />
GRASSES/LEGUMES<br />
C ONTAMINANT P ROCESS C OMMENTS<br />
Hydrocarbons Rhizodegradation Metals Hyperaccumulation Hydrocarbons Rhizodegradation Buchloe dactyloides<br />
Buffalo grass Hydrocarbons Rhizodegradation/<br />
Accumulation Cerastium arvense<br />
Field chickweed Cadmium Uptake/<br />
Accumulation Claytonia perfoliata<br />
Miner’s lettuce Cadmium Uptake/<br />
Accumulation Cynodon dactylon<br />
Bermuda grass Hydrocarbons Rhizodegradation/<br />
Accumulation Perennial grass used in pastures/lawns; shown in studies<br />
to enhance degradation of TPH and PAHs in soils<br />
(McCutcheon & Schnoor, 2003).<br />
Perennial A. castellana has been shown to accumulate As,<br />
Pb, Zn, Mn and Al.<br />
Used for low-water use lawn and pasture grass. Has shown<br />
promise in grass mixes to enhance degradation of PAHs in<br />
soils (McCutcheon & Schnoor, 2003).<br />
Perennial grass; low maintenance, drought tolerant lawn<br />
requiring little/no mowing. In studies has been shown to<br />
reduce TPH and PAHs in soil (McCutcheon & Schnoor,<br />
2003).<br />
Tufted perennial, white fl owers. A Northwest (NW)<br />
native, a recent study on Vashon Island indicated uptake<br />
of cadmium (Institute for Environmental Research and<br />
Education, 2003). Additional chickweed varieties found in<br />
the NW include C. beringianum (Bering chickweed) and C.<br />
fi scherianum (Fisher’s chickweed).<br />
A somewhat succulent annual with white or pink fl owers.<br />
Also known as Montia perfoliata. A smaller attractive<br />
variety is Montia spathulata. A recent study on Vashon<br />
Island indicated uptake and accumulation of cadmium<br />
(Institute for Environmental Research and Education, 2003).<br />
Lawn grass; minimum maintenance but needs mowing and<br />
can be invasive. In studies where mixed with other grasses,<br />
it has reduced TPH and PAHs in soils (McCutcheon &<br />
Schnoor, 2003).<br />
S PECIES /C OMMON N AME<br />
Agropyron smithii<br />
Western wheat grass<br />
Agrostis castellana<br />
Colonial bentgrass<br />
Bouteloua gracilis<br />
Blue gamma grass<br />
209GRASSES/LEGUMES<br />
S PECIES /C OMMON N AME<br />
Elymus Canadensis<br />
Canadian wild rye C ONTAMINANT P ROCESS C OMMENTS<br />
Hydrocarbons Rhizodegradation/<br />
Accumulation Festuca arundinacea<br />
Tall fescue Pyrene,<br />
PAHs Rhizodegradation/<br />
Phytoextraction Festuca rubra<br />
Red fescue Hydrocarbons Rhizodegradation Lolium perenne<br />
English ryegrass Hydrocarbons/<br />
Nutrients Rhizodegradation/<br />
Uptake Lupinus albus<br />
White lupin Arsenic Rhizoaccumulation Lotus corniculatus<br />
Birds-foot trefoil Hydrocarbons Rhizodegradation/<br />
Accumulation Melilotus offi cinalis<br />
Yellow sweet clover Hyrdocarbons Rhizodegradation Panicum virgatum<br />
Switch grass Hydrocarbons Rhizodegradation Stellaria calycantha<br />
Northern starwort Cadmium Uptake/<br />
Accumulation Stenotaphrum secundatum<br />
St. Augustine grass Hydrocarbons Rhizodegradation Trifolium pratense<br />
Red clover Hydrocarbons Rhizodegradation Trifolium repens<br />
White clover Hydrocarbons<br />
PCBs Rhizodegradation/<br />
Metablolization Vicia spp.<br />
Vetch Nutrients/<br />
Metals Uptake In combination with other grasses, was shown to reduce<br />
PAHs in soils (McCutcheon & Schnoor, 2003). E. mollis is a<br />
NW native wild rye.<br />
Introduced perennial grass common in the NW; studies<br />
have shown enhanced degradation of recalcitrant PAHs<br />
(McCutcheon, 2003). Also helpful in uptake of nutrients:<br />
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (Christensen-Kirsh,<br />
1996).<br />
Perennial grass often used in lawn mixes; Studies<br />
have shown enhanced degradation of TPH and PAHs<br />
(McCutcheon & Schnoor, 2003).<br />
Perennial grass shown to uptake nutrients and to<br />
signifi cantly enhance degradation of TPH and PAHs in soils<br />
(McCutcheon & Schnoor, 2003).<br />
A nitrogen fi xing legume capable of growth in acidic soils<br />
with low nutrient availability. A recent study indicated<br />
an ability to take up arsenic, primarily stored in the root<br />
structure (Esteban, Vazquez & Carpena, 2003). A number<br />
of lupine varieties are native to the NW, including: Lupinus<br />
arcticus (Artic lupine), L. littoralis (Seashore lupin), L.<br />
nootkatensis (Nootka lupine), and L. polyphyllus (Large-<br />
leaved lupine).<br />
An introduced European annual herb; when mixed with<br />
grasses was shown to reduce TPH and PAHs in soils<br />
(McCutcheon & Schnoor, 2003). This plant is generally not<br />
recommended for introduction into constructed wetlands of<br />
the Puget Sound region (Azous & Horner, 2001).<br />
Tall, sweet smelling annual; M. alba is more common in<br />
NW region. When mixed with other grasses was shown to<br />
degrade TPH in soils (McCutcheon & Schnoor, 2003). Also<br />
helpful in uptake of nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus and<br />
potassium (Christensen-Kirsh, 1996).<br />
Enhances degradation of PAHs in soils (McCutcheon &<br />
Schnoor, 2003). P. occidentale is a species found in the<br />
NW.<br />
Low sprawling perennial. A number of varieties are common<br />
in the NW, including, S. longifolia (Long-leaved starwort)<br />
and S. longipes (Long-stalked starwort). A recent study<br />
on Vashon Island indicated uptake and accumulation<br />
of cadmium (Institute for Environmental Research and<br />
Education, 2003).<br />
Perennial grass often used in lawns; coarse-textured.<br />
Decreases TPH and PAHs in soils (McCutcheon & Schnoor,<br />
2003).<br />
Introduced perennial herb common in the NW. When<br />
mixed with other grasses was shown to degrade TPH in<br />
soils (McCutcheon & Schnoor, 2003).<br />
Introduced perennial herb, deep rooting; enhances microbial<br />
activity and degradation of PAHs. Nitrogen fi xer, and PCB<br />
metabolizer.<br />
Perennial herb, takes up nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus<br />
and potassium); V. faba has been shown to accumulate Al<br />
(McCutcheon & Schnoor, 2003).<br />
210 • LID Technical Guidance Manual for Puget SoundOTHER FORBES<br />
C ONTAMINANT P ROCESS C OMMENTS<br />
Cadmium Uptake/<br />
Accumulation Allium schoenoprasum<br />
Chives Cadmium Hyperaccumulation Atriplex hortensis<br />
Garden Orach PCBs Metabolism Brassica juncea<br />
Indian mustard metals Rhizofi ltration/<br />
Hyperaccumulation Brassica rapa<br />
Field mustard<br />
Digitalis purpurea<br />
Common Foxglove Cadmium, Zinc Hyperaccumulation Perennial aromatic herb native to the NW. Also known<br />
as A. borealis. A recent study on Vashon Island<br />
indicated uptake and accumulation of cadmium (Institute<br />
for Environmental Research and Education, 2003).<br />
Perennial onion relative. A recent agricultural study in<br />
Israel indicated Cd was accumulated in roots and leaves<br />
(Khadka, Vonshak, Dudai & Golan-Goldhirsh, 2003).<br />
Of the spinach family, Orache is an extremely variable<br />
species; A. patula (Spearscale), A. subspicata and A.<br />
patula common in the NW. Shows promise transforming<br />
PAH and Graden Orach metabolizes PCBs (McCutcheon<br />
& Schnoor).<br />
Various species applicable for removing heavy metals<br />
(Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd and Ur) from soil or water<br />
(McCutcheon & Schnoor, 2003); B. campestris (also<br />
known as B. rapa) and B. camestris are common annual<br />
herb species in the NW.<br />
Known to accumulate metals.<br />
Cadmium Phytoextraction Helianthus annuus<br />
Sunfl ower Metals<br />
PAHs Extraction/<br />
Metabolism<br />
Rhizodegradation Pteris vittata<br />
Brake fern<br />
Senecia glaucus Arsenic Hyperaccumulation Crude Oil Rhizodegradation Solidago hispida<br />
Hairy golden rod Metals Hyperaccumulation Thlaspi caerulescens<br />
Alpine pennycress Cadmium, Zinc,<br />
Nickel Hyperaccumulation<br />
S PECIES /C OMMON N AME<br />
Achillea millefolium<br />
Yarrow<br />
A recent study on Vashon Island indicated uptake<br />
of cadmium; D. lanata (Grecian foxglove) shown to<br />
transform digitoxigenin (McCutcheon & Schnoor, 2003).<br />
The common sunfl ower has been the subject of<br />
numerous studies and is used to extract heavy metals<br />
(Pb, Ur, Sr, Cs, Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn). Has shown<br />
promise in degrading PAHs in soil (McCutcheon &<br />
Schnoor, 2003).<br />
P. vittata accumulates arsenic in its above ground shoots<br />
(Caille et al., 2003).<br />
Observed to rhizodegrade crude oil in Kuwait; Senecio<br />
triangularis (Arrow-leaved groundsel), S. pseudoarnica<br />
(Beach groundsel), and S. intergerrimus (Western<br />
groundsel) are among the related perennial herbs in the<br />
NW.<br />
Shown to accumulate Al. Solidago species shows<br />
promise for metabolizing TCE (McCutcheon &<br />
Schnoor, 2003). Related NW species include S.<br />
Canadensis(Canada goldenrod) and S. multiradiata<br />
(Northern goldenrod).<br />
This plant is well recognized for its ability to<br />
hyperaccumulate metals. T. arvense (Field pennycress) is<br />
a common NW annual weed.<br />
Appendix 6: Phytoremediation Plant List •<br />
211TREES, SHRUBS<br />
and VINES<br />
S PECIES /C OMMON N AME<br />
Acer rubrum<br />
Red maple C ONTAMINANT<br />
Leachate P ROCESS<br />
Uptake<br />
Betula pendula<br />
European white birch PAHs<br />
PCBs Phytodegradation<br />
Gleditsia triacanthos<br />
Honey locust Lead Phytoextraction<br />
Ilex spp.<br />
Holly Cadmium Accumulation<br />
Liquidambar styracifl ua<br />
American sweet gum Perchlorate Phytodegradation/<br />
Rhizodegradation<br />
Maclura pomifera<br />
Osage orange PCBs Rhizodegradation<br />
Morus rubra<br />
Mulberry PAHs<br />
PCBs Rhizodegradation<br />
Populus spp.<br />
Poplars Chlorinated solvents,<br />
PAHs, atrazine, DDT,<br />
carbon tetrachloride Phytodegradation/<br />
Phytovolatilization<br />
Phytoextraction<br />
Populus tremula<br />
Aspen Pb Extraction<br />
Rosa spp.<br />
Paul’s scarlet rose Organic<br />
contaminants Phytodegradation<br />
212 • LID Technical Guidance Manual for Puget Sound<br />
C OMMENTS<br />
Fairly fast growing deciduous trees that have been<br />
utilized to uptake landfi ll leachate along with hybrid<br />
poplars (McCutcheon & Schnoor, 2003). NW<br />
species include A. macrophyllum (Oregon maple),<br />
A. circinatum (Vine maple), and A. glabrum (Rocky<br />
mountain maple).<br />
Attractive European native, has been shown in<br />
laboratory tests to degrade PAHs and PCBs in solution<br />
(McCutcheon & Schnoor, 2003).<br />
Common honey locust (many cultivars available) has<br />
shown promise in the extraction and accumulation of<br />
lead (Gawronski, 2003).<br />
Evergreen shrub or tree. Recently shown to take up<br />
and accumulate cadmium (Institute for Environmental<br />
Research and Education, 2003).<br />
A native of the eastern U.S., grows to 60 ft., and<br />
is tolerant of damp soils. Has shown promise for<br />
phytoremediation of perchlorate (McCutcheon &<br />
Schnoor, 2003).<br />
A deciduous tree that can withstand heat, cold,<br />
wind, drought, and poor soil. Roots have been<br />
shown to stimulate PCB-degrading bacteria in the soil<br />
(McCutcheon & Schnoor, 2003).<br />
The mulberry is one of a few trees producing phenolic<br />
compounds stimulating PCB-degrading bacteria,<br />
and thus enhance the degradation of this pollutant.<br />
Mulberry has also been shown in the lab to degrade<br />
PAHs (McCutcheon & Schnoor, 2003).<br />
Deciduous trees known for deep rooting and rapid<br />
growth. The focus of major attention in the fi eld<br />
of phytoremediation, hybrids and clones have been<br />
developed for very fast growth and colonization.<br />
Poplars can absorb nutrients, such as nitrogen,<br />
at a high rate and are used in treatment of land<br />
applications of wastewater (McCutcheon &<br />
Schnoor, 2003). Known to take up and transform<br />
TCE from groundwater (McCutcheon & Schnoor,<br />
2003). Varieties tested include P. deltoids (Eastern<br />
cottonwood), P. trichocarpa (Black cottonwood),<br />
P. simonii (Chinese poplar) and P. nigra (Lombardy<br />
poplar). P. trichocarpa is a NW native.<br />
P. tremula, P. treumloides (Trembling aspen),<br />
and hybrids have shown potential to remediate<br />
contaminated water, either from the soil or water<br />
table, esp. the extraction of lead (McCutcheon &<br />
Schnoor, 2003).<br />
Paul’s scarlet rose is a red, natural climbing rose that<br />
can metabolize tetrachlorinated PCB 77. There are, of<br />
course many varieties. R. gymnocarpa (Dwarf rose)<br />
and R. nutkana (Nootka rose) are two Washington<br />
natives.TREES, SHRUBS<br />
and VINES<br />
S PECIES /C OMMON N AME<br />
Salix spp.<br />
Willow C ONTAMINANT<br />
Perchlorate<br />
Viola spp.<br />
Violets Metals<br />
P ROCESS<br />
Phytodegradation/<br />
Rhizodegradation<br />
Phytoextraction<br />
Phytoextraction/<br />
Hyperaccumulation<br />
C OMMENTS<br />
Deciduous trees or shrubs needing plenty of water. S.<br />
caroliniana (Coastal plain willow) and S. nigra (Black<br />
willow) shown to uptake and degrade percholate<br />
in soils as well as phytoextract metals (Cd, Zn and<br />
Cu). Additional Salix ssp. and hybrids have extracted<br />
metals (Cr, Hg, Se and Zn) (McCutcheon & Schnoor,<br />
2003). Species in the NW include, S. commutata<br />
(Undergreen willow), S. lucida (Pacifi c willow),<br />
and S. sitchensis (Sitka willow). A study on Vashon<br />
Island indicated uptake/accumulation of cadmium by<br />
S. scouleriana (Scouler’s willow) (Institute of Env.<br />
Research & Ed., 2003).<br />
Perennial fl owering plants with many varieties.<br />
Hybanthus fl oribundus (Shrub violet) from Australia,<br />
has been found to accumulate high concentrations of<br />
metals. A study on Vashon Island, WA found violets<br />
growing naturally to have accumulated cadmium<br />
(Institute for Environmental Research and Education,<br />
2003). The many varieties in the NW include: V.<br />
adunca (Early blue violet), V. langsdorfi i (Alaskan<br />
violet), V. palustris (Marsh violet), and V. glabella<br />
(Yellow wood violet).<br />
Sources: Phytoremediation<br />
Adams, E.B. (1992 December). Wetlands: Nature’s Water Purifi ers. Clean Water for Washington. Washington<br />
State University Cooperative Extension and Washington Department of Ecology. EB1723.<br />
Azous, A.L., and Horner, R.R. (Eds.). (2001). Wetlands and Urbanization: Implications for the Future. Boca<br />
Raton, FL : Lewis Publishers.<br />
Bretsch, K. (2003). Remediation of stormwater residuals decant with hydrocotyle ranunculoides. In U.S. EPA<br />
National Conference on Urban Storm Water: Enhancing Programs at the Local Level. Chicago, IL, February<br />
17-20, 2003.<br />
Christensen-Kirsh, K.M. (1996). Phytoremediation and wastewater effl uent disposal: Guidelines for landscape<br />
planners and designers. Master’s Project, Department of Landscape Architecture. University of Oregon.<br />
Crawford, C. (1982). Wetland Plants of King County and Puget Sound Lowlands. King County, WA: King<br />
County Resource Planning Section.<br />
Esteban, E, Vazquez, S and Carpena, R. (2003) White Lupin Response to Arsenate. University of Madrid,<br />
Spain.<br />
In COST Action 837 “Workshop on Phytoremediation of toxic metals.” Stockholm, Sweden, June 12-15, 2003.<br />
Retrieved March 10, 2004 from http://lbewww.epfl .ch/COST837/abstracts_stockholm/posters.pdf<br />
Gawronski, S.W., Raczka, M., & Trampczynska, A. (2003). Ornamental tress and shrubs as phytoremediants.<br />
In COST Action 837 “Workshop on Phytoremediation of toxic metals.” Stockholm, Sweden, June 12-15,<br />
2003. Retrieved March 10, 2004 from http://lbewww.epfl .ch/COST837/abstracts_stockholm/posters.pdf<br />
Hogan, E.L. (ed.). (1990). Sunset Western Garden Book. Menlo Park, CA: Lane Publishing Co.<br />
Institute for Environmental Research and Education (IERE). (2003 January). Vashon Heavy Metal<br />
Phytoremediation Study Sampling and Analysis Strategy (DRAFT). (Available from the IERE, P.O. Box<br />
2449, Vashon, WA 98070-2449.)<br />
Appendix 6: Phytoremediation Plant List •<br />
213Khadka, U., Vonshak, A., Dudai, N., Golan-Goldhirsh, A. (2003). Response of Allium schoenoprasum to<br />
Cadmium in hydroponic growth medium. In COST Action 837 “Workshop on Phytoremediation of toxic metals.”<br />
Stockholm, Sweden, June 12-15, 2003. Retrieved March 10, 2004 from<br />
http://lbewww.epfl .ch/COST837/abstracts_stockholm/posters.pdf<br />
McCutcheon, S.C., & Schnoor, J.L. (Eds.). (2003). Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of<br />
Contaminants. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Interscience, Inc.<br />
Pojar, J., & MacKinnon, A. (1994). Plants of the Pacifi c Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British<br />
Columbia & Alaska. Vancouver, B.C.: Lone Pine Publishing.<br />
Washington Department of Ecology. (2001 June). An Aquatic Plant Identifi cation Manual For Washington’s<br />
Freshwater Plants. Olympia, WA, Author.<br />
Washington State Weed Control Board, Washington State Noxious Weed List, Retrieved June, 2004 from<br />
http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weed_info/contents_common.html<br />
Weinmann, F., Boule, M., Brunner, K., Malek, J., & Yoshino, V. (1984). Wetland Plants of the Pacifi c<br />
Northwest. Seattle, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District.<br />
214 • LID Technical Guidance Manual for Puget Sound</div>
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